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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 1:02 am
Time: 1:02 am
Results for nighttime economy
3 results foundAuthor: Lacey, John H. Title: Results of the 2012 California Roadside Survey of Nighttime Weekend Drivers' Alcohol and Drug Use Summary: Background This report summarizes the results of the first California Statewide Roadside Survey of Nighttime Weekend Drivers' Alcohol and Drug Use. To our knowledge, it is the first state-level survey of this magnitude. It is modeled on data collection procedures used in the "2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers" sponsored by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Methods A random sample of nighttime drivers was interviewed on Friday and Saturday nights from 10 p.m. to midnight and 1:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. Data were collected on one weekend in eight communities and on two weekends in one community during the summer of 2012. The nine communities where data were collected were Eureka, San Rafael, and Redding in the northern part of the state; Fresno and Modesto in the central part of the state; and Anaheim, Ontario, Chula Vista, and Gardena in southern California. Anonymous breath tests and oral fluid samples as well as responses to questionnaires were collected from over 1,300 drivers. The breath alcohol samples were analyzed for alcohol and the oral fluid samples were analyzed for nearly 50 drugs, including prescription, illegal, and over-the-counter drugs. Analyses were conducted by screening using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microplate technology and positive screens were confirmed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) technology. Results Among eligible drivers approached to participate in the survey, 81% (1,375 drivers) agreed to answer questions, 85.3% (1,449 drivers) provided a breath sample, and 77.3% (1,313 drivers) provided an oral fluid sample. Among drivers participating in the interview, 3.7% reported having a medical marijuana permit and, of those, 65.8% reported having used the permit to purchase marijuana. Within the total population, 40% admitted to having at some time used marijuana. In terms of breath and oral fluid test results, 184 (or, 14%) tested positive for at least one drug, and 7.3% tested positive for alcohol. One percent of tested drivers were at .08 blood alcohol content (BAC) or above. The vast majority (89.6%) of drug positive drivers tested negative for alcohol. Of the drug-positive drivers, 2.7% had a BAC above zero but less than .05; 5.5% from .05 to .08; and 2.2% at or above .08. Marijuana was the most frequently encountered drug at a prevalence rate of 7.4%, with 5.5% of drivers testing positive for marijuana alone; 1.1% testing positive for marijuana and an illegal drug; 0.5% testing positive for marijuana and a medication; and 0.3% testing positive for marijuana, an illegal drug, and a medication. Illegal drugs were present alone in 2.7% of drivers, and in combination with medications in 0.5%. Medications alone were present in 3.3% of drivers. Synthetic marijuana was found in 5 (or 0.4%) drivers. Conclusions This survey provides a baseline California prevalence estimate for alcohol and drug use among nighttime weekend drivers and can be compared with results of future surveys to examine patterns of change in drug and alcohol use in that population. It should be noted that these figures describe the prevalence rates for the presence of these drugs in drivers and do not address whether those drivers were impaired by these substances. Details: Calverton, MD: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2012. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 8, 2016 at: http://www.ots.ca.gov/Media_and_Research/Press_Room/2012/doc/2012_Drug_And_Alcohol_Roadside_Survey.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.ots.ca.gov/Media_and_Research/Press_Room/2012/doc/2012_Drug_And_Alcohol_Roadside_Survey.pdf Shelf Number: 138135 Keywords: Driving Under the InfluenceDriving Under the Influence of DrugsDrug AbuseDrugged DrivingDrugs and DrivingDrunk DrivingNighttime Economy |
Author: European Forum for Urban Security Title: Safer Drinking Scenes: Alcool, Ville et Vie Nocturne Summary: The at night, the public space can become the place of appointment of a young audience that often consumes alcohol in a way excessive. Local authorities face a series of questions. How to (reconcile) nocturnal uses of the city? How to manage and to prevent the health, bodily and material? How to articulate answers and actors? This publication aims to make state of the issues around these issues, to point certain practices and make strategic recommendations to local authorities. Details: Paris, France: Forum Francais pour la Securite Urbaine, 2013. 101p. Source: Internet Resource (in French): Accessed May 28, 2019 at: http://www.villes-sante.com/wp-content/uploads/villeaville_prise-en-charge-hyper-alcoolisations_doc11.pdf Year: 2013 Country: France URL: https://issuu.com/efus/docs/sds-8p-fr Shelf Number: 156069 Keywords: Alcohol Consumption Binge Drinking France Nighttime Economy |
Author: Hughes, Karen Title: Developing Safer Drinking Environments in Europe: Key Findings from the Amphora Drinking Environments Study Summary: Preventing alcohol‐related harm in drinking environments is a growing priority across Europe. Millions of Europeans socialise or work in pubs, bars and nightclubs, and such settings provide an opportunity for the sale and consumption of alcohol to be managed. However, drinking environments can also be the scenes of excessive alcohol use, intoxication, and alcohol‐related harms. Although studies on nightlife drinking behaviour in Europe are relatively rare, those in countries including the UK and Germany are beginning to identify the high levels of alcohol consumed by young people on a night out, with many already under the influence of alcohol when arriving at public drinking premises. The convergence of large numbers of drinkers in bars and public spaces means harms such as anti‐social behaviour, aggressive confrontation, injury, and drink driving can be common. Thus, studies consistently show that areas with greater densities of alcohol outlets see higher levels of violence, along with problems such as unintentional injury and road traffic crashes. Within specific nightlife areas, however, problems such as alcohol‐related violence are often concentrated in a small number of problematic premises. This suggests that certain factors within bars and nightclubs can influence levels of alcohol‐related harm. The European action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol 2012‐20208 recognises the importance of drinking environments in preventing alcohol‐related harm. Accordingly, it sets out a range of options for action including the development of guidelines and standards for the design of drinking premises, server training, and the monitoring and enforcement of licensing laws. A growing body of research is identifying the impacts of different strategies to prevent alcohol‐related harm in European drinking environments. To date, however, understanding what types of measures are needed in which settings has been hampered by a lack of knowledge of both drinking behaviours in European nightlife environments and the characteristics of bars that contribute to increased harm. International research has identified factors such as lack of seating, crowding and tolerance of anti‐social behaviour to be associated with drunkenness and alcohol‐related violence in bars. Interventions can be introduced to modifying these factors in order to reduce alcohol‐related problems. However most research on drinking environments has been undertaken in Australian and North American drinking settings, with few studies focusing on Europe. Drinking cultures and environments across Europe vary widely and thus little is currently known on how applicable international research findings are to the differing situations within Europe, or which risk and protective factors are most pertinent to European situations. To address this gap in knowledge, the Amphora project conducted a study of drinking behaviours and bar environments in four European cities: Liverpool (UK); Ljubljana (Slovenia); Palma (Spain); and Utrecht (Netherlands). The key objectives of the study were to understand young people's drinking cultures and environments across Europe, and to identify characteristics of bars in Europe that are associated with alcohol‐related harm. This report presents the methods and findings from the study and discusses implications for policy and prevention. Details: Palma de Mallorca, Spain: European Institute of Studies of Prevention, 2013. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 28, 2019 at: http://amphoraproject.net/w2box/data/Deliverables/AMPHORA_WP7_D3.5.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Europe URL: http://www.irefrea.eu/index.php?page=10-4-3&foo=AMPHORA+-+Alcohol+Measures+for+Public+Research+Alliance%2C+Seventh+Framework+Programme Shelf Number: 156070 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime Alcohol-Related Violence Binge Drinking Drinking Under the Influence Drinking While Driving Europe Nightclubs Nighttime Economy |